Total expenditures on research and development at Missouri higher education institutions as a percentage of gross state product
Methodology
Numerator: Total Research, Development and Public Service expenses (IPEDS).
Denominator: Missouri Gross Domestic Product (MERIC)
Disaggregation: Institutional Sector, Primary Research and Public Service
Definitions
Missouri Gross Domestic Product: Total market value of all final goods and services produced within Missouri during calendar year. http://www.missourieconomy.org/indicators/gsp/index.stm
Total Expenditures on Research and Development: A functional expense category that includes expenses for activities specifically organized to produce research outcomes and commissioned by an agency either external to the institution or separately budgeted by an organizational unit within the institution. The category includes institutes and research centers, and individual and project research. This function does not include non-research sponsored programs (e.g., training programs). Also included are information technology expenses related to research activities if the institution separately budgets and expenses information technology resources (otherwise these expenses are included in academic support.) FASB institutions include actual or allocated costs for operation & maintenance of plant, interest, and depreciation. GASB institutions do not include operation & maintenance of plant or interest but may, as an option, distribute depreciation expense.
Expenditures for Public Service: A functional expense category that includes expenses for activities established primarily to provide noninstructional services beneficial to individuals and groups external to the institution. Examples are conferences, institutes, general advisory service, reference bureaus, and similar services provided to particular sectors of the community. This function includes expenses for community services, cooperative extension services, and public broadcasting services. Also includes information technology expenses related to the public service activities if the institution separately budgets and expenses information technology resources (otherwise these expenses are included in academic support). FASB institutions include actual or allocated costs for operation and maintenance of plant, interest, and depreciation. GASB institutions do not include operation and maintenance of plant or interest, but may, as an option, distribute depreciation expense.
Sources:
IPEDS, MERIC
Indicators of this type need to include at least one additional indicator measuring the state supported research as a percentage of MERIC. It is also important that we use a standard definition of “research expenditures” from either IPEDS or the NSF report (which, by the way, is not limited to only science and engineering expenditures) that excludes educational and training expenditures. Research expenditures is one of those figures that can really get exaggerated and/or become unreliable if we don’t use a standard definition and source. [University of Missouri]
The focus of the objective is “research and development” so if we are going to count grants we need to limit it to only research grants. (This is acknowledged in the “limitations and issues” too.) However, this then creates some major problems because it is very hard to cull out only the research grants, which is going to create a tremendous amount of work for the public institutions to identify this amount in a consistent and reliable manner. This indicator will prove to be very difficult to collect in a manner that it is meaningful across institutions and for the state as a whole. The NSF report used to collect research obligations (not expenditures), but my understanding is that they no longer provide this report. [University of Missouri]
This will be hard to collect across all institutions in a consistent manner. We should consider the definition that AUTM (Association of University Technological Managers) uses in their national data base. [University of Missouri]
This will be hard to collect across all institutions in a consistent manner unless the start-ups truly do need to be linked to “research and development incubators at Missouri higher education institutions.” In this case, are there incubators at public higher education institutions other than the University of Missouri? We should consider the definition that AUTM (Association of University Technological Managers) uses in their national data base. At least could be a starting point. [University of Missouri]
When definitions vary from setting to setting, it will be very difficult for them to agree. Direct measurement will be difficult, if not impossible. [University of Missouri]
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